Manufacture of spiegel.



FICE.

ALBERT LEIGI-ITON ,CROMLISH, OIE SHARON, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF SPIEGEL.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT L. CRoMLIsH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Sharon, in the county of Mercer and State of Pennsylvania,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture ofSpiegel, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the manufacture of spiegel, and to the recoveryin the form of spiegel of the manganese in flush cinder, a hithertowaste product produced in making open hearth steel.

Flush cinder and tapping cinder are waste products formed in making openhearth steel and produced in large quantities, the flush cinder beingobtained when using the well-known pig and ore processes of which theMonell process is one. The flush cinder and also the tapping cindercontains large amounts of manganese as oxids of manganese.

'An average analysis of flush cinder will be:

Per cent.

Manganese 10.25 Iron (by difference) 37.88 Phosphorus 77 Silica 22.50Alumina 3. 30 Lime 17.75 Magnesia 7. 45 Sulfur .10

The analysis of flush cinder will vary between the followingproportions:

Per cent. Manganese 5. 50 to 15. 00 Iron (by difference) 15. O0 to 35.00 Phosphorus .30 to 2. 50 Silica 16. 00 to 30. O0 Alumina -1 2.50 to5.75 Lime 9. 50 to 35.00 Magnesia 5. 50 to 17. 50 Sulfur 08 to 12 Thetapping cinder used in forming the burden will have a compositionaveraging about as follows:

Per cent. Silica 36.67 Alumina 7. 43 Lime 33.39 Magnesia 16.01 Manganese5.00 Sulfur 1.50

One object of the invention is the production of a low manganese spiegelthat is Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 2'7, 1917.

Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

Serial No. 144,902.

adapted for many uses and particularly in making special steels, as, forexample, a steel intended for rolling into sheets, black plate, and tinplate.

Another object of the invention is to utilize the flush cinder andtapping cinder from open hearth furnaces in making low manganesespiegel.

In the manufacture of sheets and tin plate the sheets or tin bars arefirst rolled in pairs, and the rolled pairs after being matched anddoubled are again rolled in packs of fours (2'. 6., four thicknesses ofmetal). In making light gage materials the packs of fours are againdoubled and rolled in packs of eights, and in rolling the light gagesthe liability of sticking increases.

When steel of the usual composition, which contains not over .0 1 percent. phosphorus, is rolled into sheets and tin plate it is found thatthe sheets or plates will stick in the successive rolling operations andcause loss of time, and damage to the rolled materials, in trying toseparate the sheets or plates after the rolling operations.

To prevent and overcome the tendency of the sheets and plates to stickwhen rolled in packs, it has been the practice to slightly increase thephosphorus content of the steel above .04 per cent, (.04. per cent.being the high limit for phosphorus in ordinary commercial steels), itbeing known that the increased amount of phosphorus in the steel lessensand practically overcomes sticking during the rolling operations.Manganese, of course, is always present to some extent in commercialsteels.

When making steel to be later rolled into sheets and tin plates,manganese is added to the molten metal, either in the furnace or theladle, or both, in the form of ferromanganese or spiegel, and phosphorusin the form of ferro-phosphorus or high phosphorus pig-iron, apatite,and similar materials having a large phosphorus content, also added tothe steel to increase its phosphorus content to the desired amount.

Ferro-manganese and spiegel are expensive alloys and ferro-phosphorus orhigh phosphorus pig iron, apatite, and similar phosphorus bearingmaterials also are eX- pensive, and at times diflicult to obtain.

In practising my invention the flush cinder is smelted or reduced in theblast furnace. The burden is reduced in the same manner as whenmanganese ores are employed in making ferro-manganese and spiegel, thefurnace being tapped at stated intervals and the molten spiegel beingcast into pigs in the usual known manner, or when desired being used ina molten condition.

The flush cinder being practically selffluxing, it is only necessary toadd sufiicient material to flux the coke charged into the furnace, andwhen available in sufficient quantities, tapping cinder from open hearthfurnaces preferably is the flux used.

The necessary amounts of flush cinder, which forms the material in thefurnace burden from which the manganese in the spiegel is derived, arecharged into the blast furnace from time to time, with the requiredquantities of coke and amounts of fluxing material. When tapping cinderis the flux used the entire furnace burden will be formed of flushcinder, tapping cinder, and coke.

In some cases, as when sufficient quantities of tapping cinder are notavailable, eastern dolomite or similar flux will be substituted for thetapping cinder, or a mixture of part tapping cinder and part dolomitemay be used.

Approximately 85 per cent. of the manganese in the flush cinder andtapping cinder will be recovered as spiegel.

In forming the furnace burden the amount of the various materialscharged into the furnace, in pounds per ton of spiegel, will be about asfollows:

Pounds. Flush cinder 2839 Ta ping cinder 5273 CO e 3326 About 5400pounds of slag will be formed for each ton of product.

-When eastern dolomite is used as the flux, the amount in pounds per tonof product of the various materials charged into the furnace in formingthe burden will be:

Pounds. Flush cinder 2839 Coke 3081 Dolomite 1531 With such burden about4800 pounds of slag will be formed for each ton of spiegel produced.

The resulting product is a low manganese When using nothing but cinderin the furnace burden the composition of the spiegel made will varyWithin the following proportions:

The utility of my invention will be clearly apparent to those killed inthe art. The manganese in flush and tapping cinder, two hitherto wasteproducts, is reclaimed, and a low manganese, high phosphorus spiegelforming an alloy which is peculiarly adapted for use in the manufactureof steel in making sheets and tin plate, is obtained. The production ofa spiegel of the composition claimed provides a cheap substitute forferro-manganese or spiegel, and .ferro-phosphorus or high phosphorus pigiron, and similar expensive materials heretofore necessary in makingsheet and tin bar.

Modifications in the composition of the materials used to form thefurnace burden may be made without departing. from my invention. Fluxesother than tapping cinder and eastern dolomite may be employed and otherchanges may be made without departing from my invention as defined inthe appended claims.

I claim 1. The process of recovering manganese from flush cinder whichconsists in charging the flush cinder, coke and tapping cinder into ablast furnace and reducing the soformed furnace burden, and tapping thefurnace to withdraw the molten metal, and thereby forming a lowmanganese high phosphorus spiegel.

2. The process of recovering manganese from flush cinder which consistsin charging flush cinder, coke and a flux into a blast furnace, reducingthe so-formed burden in the furnace, and tapping the furnace to withdraw the resulting alloy, and thereby forming a low manganese highphosphorus spiegel.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 1] copies of this patent may beobtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner ofPatents.

Washington, D. G.

